If you forget that your sportsbook is a business, you can be guaranteed that you’ll be buying yourself a one-way ticket towards disaster. If you only offer sports betting, this is especially important because you might find your bankroll dwindling in waiting for the next NFL season. The football season can be a time for you to build a cushion of money for the low season. Most players won’t switch books once the season starts and since gamblers will usually take action every week it means you can make maximum profits without a lot of work. Start preparing for the football season early if you have any promotions, make sure to communicate them to your players to secure them for the entire season. Since so much money is bet on football, the lines are also the sharpest which usually means plenty of money to line your pockets if you play your cards right. NFL betting is by far the biggest money-maker for bookies with no other sport coming close.Įven March Madness, on which people bet millions on, is eclipsed by the pro football handle. If you're not offering horses, you're probably cutting your revenues short.ĭon’t leave the low hanging fruit lie, take advantage of the opportunities that allow you to increase your book’s bankroll.Īs any seasoned bookie will tell you, the football season is the king of profits for sportsbooks. Sportsbooks collect a big chunk of every dollar bet on horses, as much as 18%, whereas the hold for sports betting is around 4.5 percent. There’s also horse betting which many bookies neglect but that can make some big-time money. Especially when you have a live casino, you can watch your revenues soar because most bookies can’t offer these services. You can increase your revenues by offering your clients casino betting which is typically a big profit center that keeps people playing in-between sports seasons. If you only take action on sports, you’re leaving a ton of money on the table. Being A Sports Bookie Is Good, But Don’t Leave Money On The Table.If you want your fledgling bookie business to take off, stick to squares and avoid sharps unless you really know what you’re doing. Many books have been wiped out clean because they were burned by sharp action, which is why you’ll usually find disclaimers that bar these types of players from taking action. On the other hand, you should be wary of “sharps” because they’re usually part of betting syndicates that have up-to-date information on games, injuries, weather, game plans, and practically anything related to the team they’re betting on and the bets they’re making. And, because squares aren’t privy to how sportsbooks make money, it guarantees them easy profits. Squares are the bread and butter for most sportsbooks because they’ll lose more often than not. Most people, in fact, are squares because on average less than one bettor in twelve turns a profit in betting.įor the most part, average bettors make their betting decisions based on hunches, media hype, or some cockamany system they’ve come up with. What’s a “square?” This definition defines one as “a novice when it comes to sports betting.”īut, a square doesn’t necessarily have to be a complete greenhorn. While there’s no hard line to how you should run your pay per head sportsbook, it’s probably best that you stick to “square” players when you’re starting out. When You’re Starting Out, Don’t Bite More Than You Can ChewĮven if it’s likely you’ll be dealing with many more “squares” than professional bettors, if any, it’s always a good idea that you keep an eye on the sharp action.There are some sportsbooks that cater to wiseguy action and if you study what’s happening in those books, such as big line movements, it usually means that something is going on beneath the surface that you should look into. That’s when it makes sense to pay attention to where the wiseguy action is going because it can give you insider information so you stay ahead of the curve. And, you would do well to pay attention to what they’re doing because they can usually give you tons of valuable insights as a bookmaker.Īs your sportsbook starts to grow and you increase the players you have, it’s practically impossible to keep track of every sport, league, and team your players are betting on. There may be far and few between, but there are some people that make a living from gambling.
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Net Worth (2023): $5 million USD to $10 million USDįacts: She created her CookieSwirlC channel in November of 2013. apart from that, she also generates revenue from her own merchandise.Īs of 2023, According to many websites, her youtube channel is worth more than $20 million USD to $24 million USD, but that’s info is not official.Īccording to us, As of 2023, Cookie Swirl C has a total net worth of around $5 million USD to $10 million USD. How much money does Cookie Swirl C (CookieSwirlc) make? well, she has more than 13.3 million subscribers, from where she has earned millions of dollars and still earning enormous wealth from there. Relationship & Boyfriend (2023)ĭoes cookie swirl C have a boyfriend? well, there is no official information about her love affairs, boyfriend, husband, and children. she has not disclosed information regarding her parents and siblings. Family, Parents, & SiblingsĬookieSwirlc likes to keep her personal family background very private. if anyone of you knows more info about her school, college, university, and qualification. She is very famous for reviewing and making toy videos online.ĬookieSwirlc has not revealed a formal education career and qualifications yet. As of 2023, Cookie Swirl C is 26 years old with around 5 feet and 0 inches tall in height. Cookieswirlc’s zodiac sign is Pisces Cookieswirlc zodiac sign is a Pisces. CelebsMoney and NetWorthStatus does a good job of breaking most of it down. It’s easy to predict her income, but it’s much harder to know how much she has spent over the years. she was born on March 14, 1997, in California. Net Worth: Online estimates of Cookieswirlc’s net worth vary. Cookie Swirl C (CookieSwirlc) is a very popular and talented American Youtuber. More health is granted to those familiar with the verse.Ĭan be obtained from killing enemies or purchased from Vlas. Can also be purchased from Vlas or picked up when dropped by enemies. You can immediately use this lute 10 times to reach max familiarity for it. The sheer audacity incites enemies to violence from a great distance.Ĭan be found in camp area to the right of the path right at the start of the forest area after the tutorial, in a chest behind some tents. Those familiar heal more quickly from consuming this tangy fungi. Those familiar gain immunity to poison damage for 120 seconds.įound in various places through the Fallgrim area on the ground. Grants those who drink it a large amount of resolve.įound from chests in Brigand camps or dropped by enemies. Those familiar lose less health from the swill.Ĭan be found in Fallgrim around Brigand camps or dropped by enemies. Grants those who drink it a small amount of resolve, but at the cost of their health. One can be found in a locked chest just outside the upper level of Fallgrim Shrine, going out the door by the workbench. Those familiar with the bell’s ring are able to resonate with the connection longer.įound in the environment. Ringing the bell grants increased resolve gain for 3 minutes. Grants a 10% bonus chance for enemies to drop an additional glimpse for 6 minutes.įound in the environment or purchased from Vlas. Gain 10% bonus to tar found for six minutes. Lasts 5 minutes for those familiar with the peculiar taste.Ĭan be found from pots in brigand camps or dropped by enemies. Increases stamina regeneration for 3 minutes. It appears there is only one of this item per playthrough, so to reach max familiarity with this item you need to pick it up again in NG+. Inside this chest, you can find the baguette. Facing the camp from the way you enter it, look to the right to see a tree, and to it’s left a chest blocked by some wood you can break. This is the same camp where you obtain the Impervious Lute. Those familiar gain more health when sinking their teeth into this wholesome treat.įound ina chest near a brigand camp in Fallgrim. This baguette offers a small boost to health. Some of the options are paid tools but they offer long free trial periods.īelow is a list of some of the Best Packet Analyzers and Sniffers and some of the features that they have built in for you to extract network information and data. We have selected systems that will install on Windows, Linux, macOS, Unix, and Android. With these selection criteria in mind, we have identified some excellent traffic analyzers that have good reputations. A good price that reflects value for money when compared to the functions offered.A free trial period, a demo, or a money-back guarantee for no-risk assessment.Graphical interpretation of data, such as charts and graphs.A facility to analyze network performance over time.The ability to collect live network devices statuses by using SNMP.An autodiscovery system to log all network devices.We reviewed the network analyzer tools and software market and analyzed the options based on the following criteria: Our methodology for selecting packeting and network analyzers They also range from free to quite expensive for corporate licensing! Here's the Best Free Packet Sniffers and Network Analyzers for Traffic and Data Analysis: Others are flashy much more geared towards a visual audience with easy installation, or portable executables, and plenty of graphs and tables. Some of them are a bit ‘old-school' they're grounded in terminal font and command-prompt interfaces and aren't that user friendly at first glance. There's almost too many choices in this category of software. Ultimately packet sniffing is the go to tool when you've got a network issue that you can't quite isolate to a single machine or protocol and it's time to start digging deep. KisMAC Now revived as KisMAC 2, this free wireless packet sniffer can show live wireless signal heat maps.Network Miner Available in free and paid versions, this tool captures packets and displays them live on screen.Cain and Abel Known as a hacker tool, this system includes a wireless packet sniffer.Kismet A free packet sniffer for wireless networks.Available for Linux, macOS, Unix, and Android. tcpdump A command-line no fills packet capture utility.Available for Windows, Linux, Unix, and macOS. Wireshark A free packet capture and analysis tool that has a great graphical front-end for viewing traffic statistics.ManageEngine NetFlow Analyzer – FREE TRIAL A traffic flow analyzer that can help implement traffic shaping measures as well.The package includes real-time displays of packet information, which is derived from NetFlow data extractors, and also statistical functions that capture packets, analyze the header contents, and produces aggregated traffic characteristics. SolarWinds Bandwidth Analyzer Pack – EDITOR'S CHOICE A bundle of two network monitoring tools that watch device health and analyze traffic flows.Troubleshooting is always an act that is half instinct and half data – and Packet Sniffing is where the data comes in.Ī Packet Sniffer is the tool that helps you figure out if packets are being sent, received, and arriving safely on your network, but they can also do so much more! Here is our list of the best packet sniffers and network analyzers: Every IT professional, from companies big or small, knows the value of data. Then, we can all go back to enjoying the comments again, instead of just finding more “shit game” shit piling up everywhere, from a well fed crybaby troll. Wish that they would just make a new policy, stating “No bitching, it’s FREE!”, and then just deny any comment request below each upload so that the whiney trolls are no longer able to feed off of their complaints, and then, hopefully, they will just die off here. Whether someone wants to try before buying, play an EA game without making the purchase until it gets polished more later, in a stable build, or they just don’t have the financial means of purchasing everything that they would like to play- It’s all free content here, so the whiners and bitchers complaining here can go F themselves in the A =) Just so that anyone who wants to, can have easy and FREE access to an enormous list of games, that’s continually growing larger and larger each day. But this always just boggled my mind… The people behind the site/s here and like this have been nice enough to take time out of their lives, put up new content multiple times each day, every day, while getting and asking for nothing from it in return. I know that everyone has a right to their own opinions and we shouldn’t take away anyone’s ability to freely express themselves. Everything here is 100% FREE, and there’s not a valid reason to complain here, as nobody lost anything and it’s all free. I never understood why there’s so many complaints here, and on just about any game that gets uploaded that you could think of. Usually, they at least use the half of the half a brain they have, to try and come up with something “creative” and using wordplay and/or puns, etc.Īre the endless drones of braindead cry babies finally getting bored, or running low on the will to continue complaining about any and almost every (free) game that the people behind the site have been kind enough to take the time to put up here? I really hope so… They haven’t even been trying, from what I’ve seen recently at least, and are just saying “shit game” like Arthur up there. Survive your wine and baguette bills.Wow, the whiners who are always here to complain about FREE shit must be running low on batteries.Battle with subjectivity and try to charm a variety of self-proclaimed art connoisseurs without losing your “artistic integrity”.Paint your own masterpieces Even you can become the next Van Gogh.More information Download Download windows64.zip 192 MB Download windows32.zip 189 MB Download osx.zip 194 MB Download ln圆4.zip 196 MB Download lnx32. It does not convey the experience of a full game and its main purpose is to test the core concept. Become an artist, start painting and try to feel for yourself how it is to be a creative person with a subtle nature. This is a prototype that was developed during the course of about two weeks. In general, if you are a fan of unusual games and indie projects, then this simulator will definitely appeal to you. But do not rush to spend what you have earned – first pay all the bills and recoup the money spent on the tool. The more you draw and the more paintings you sell, the more you will earn. Rogue Tower Get Free Steam Passpartout: The Starving Artist Preinstalled You will have to save money and start working early, draw different pictures, so that they do not repeat themselves, create masterpieces, participate in exhibitions and communicate with various characters. In Passpartout: The Starving Artist, you won’t be able to sit still. Paint and sell your own art to survive your expensive wine and baguette addiction. Passpartout puts you into the shoes of a French artist trying to navigate the beautifully confusing art scene. Passpartout The Starving Artist game for free instantly and play pre-installed on SteamRIP Passpartout The Starving Artist Direct Download The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse have their roots in the figurative language of Revelation, the final book in the Bible. Characters in The Sixth Sense, Signs, The Village, and even Split gain strength to overcome adversity by pointing to larger forces, suggesting the orchestration of a benevolent (if sometimes inscrutable, if not outright cruel) and all powerful God.īut Knock at the Cabin is perhaps his most explicitly biblical movie, thanks to its reveal that Leonard and his associates are the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. We have to make a choice: do we take it on faith that Eric saw what he saw, or do we adhere to the facts that we can see? The Bible and Knock at the CabinĪlthough Shyamalan was raised Hindi and does not openly profess any particular faith, Christianity has always played an important role in his films, particularly Catholicism and Episcopalianism. No part of the movie confirms Eric’s statement. Maybe the light takes a humanoid form for a frame or two, resembling the aliens from Cocoon more than a person, but there’s no conclusive evidence. Furthermore, Eric has already suffered a concussion, having been knocked out during the first tussle with Leonard and the others.Įven closely rewatching the movie after Eric’s claim, it’s hard to see a figure in the mirror. It could easily be a regular sunbeam, coming through the window and hitting the mirror just right, something we’ve all experienced. In between close-up shots of Eric’s face, highlighting the hope and wonder overtaking him, we see a beam of light come in from the left side of the frame and strike the mirror on the back wall, filling the screen for a moment.ĭespite the music sting that accompanies the light, it’s possible to explain away Eric’s vision in mundane terms. In short, the apocalypse was real, and Eric’s sacrifice prevented it.īut before that happens, the camera starts following Eric’s perspective. After his death, Andrew and Wen drive away, learning from news reports that disasters seem to be averted and things are getting better. Of course, it happens while the world does indeed seem to be ending, with a horrific storm oncoming and planes falling out of the sky. Instead, Eric chooses to sacrifice himself, a decision he makes peacefully and full of love for his family. No, Wen does not die in Knock at the Cabin. While it might be a stretch to say that the movie has a happy ending, it certainly makes things more literal. The story closes with Andrew and Eric choosing not to sacrifice one another, leaving the cabin to face whatever is out there. But because Wen did not choose to die, her death did not satisfy the demands of the universe or deity, and a sacrifice was still needed. In the climax of the novel, Wen is shot and killed while Eric and Andrew wrestle with Leonard for his gun. The novel leaves all possibilities open, up through the end of the story. In keeping things ambiguous, Shyamalan follows the source material, the novel The Cabin at the End of the Worldby Paul G. But Andrew insists that the quartet are, at best, suffering a mass delusion and, at worst, a hate group intentionally targeting a gay couple. Leonard explains that he and the others have never met one another, but they’ve been receiving visions instructing them to come to that cabin and make a demand of the family living there. That tension between faith and fact drives much of Knock at the Cabin, as Leonard and his comrades insist that they’ve come to Eric and Andrew, not willingly, but driven by a mysterious force. Jackson) machinations in Unbreakable or Casey’s ( Anya Taylor-Joy) scars in Split, they have an unreality that feels more like stuff of magic than a lab. Even when the twist involves a “scientific” or psychological revelation, such as Mr. But a similar thing happens in Signs and Lady in the Water. That’s most clear in his breakout The Sixth Sense, in which Malcolm’s ( Bruce Willis) condition explains the isolation he experienced throughout the movie. After all, Shyamalan has made his name telling stories with supernatural twists, which change everything that come before. On one hand, it wouldn’t be much of a surprise if Eric did see something supernatural in the mirror. What exactly did Eric see in the mirror? Did we see it as well? And what does that mean for the movie’s themes? Knock at the Cabin vs The Cabin at the End of the World We viewers are just as shocked as Andrew, filled with questions. As Andrew eventually realizes, Eric’s experience changes everything about their situation, making them not victims of a homophobic hate group, but part of a larger cosmic struggle. This confession plays a pivitol role in Knock at the Cabin, the latest twisty film from director M. A Team Ultimate Jutsu drains an enormous amount of a player's chakra, and does massive damage if it makes contact with an unguarded opponent. When Support Drive level two is activated, for a limited time a player will be capable of releasing a Team Ultimate Jutsu, activated by hitting the chakra button three times and then the attack button. Set to Balanced, it will throw projectiles alongside the player when the player uses chakra projectiles and block incoming Ultimate Jutsus, at the expense of losing that support for a while. When a support character is set to Attack, they will help attack an opponent through combos, and knock the opponent back when a combo sends them flying. Īn example of a quick time event in which the player has to press the circle button to defeat the enemy. If a support character is set to Defense, it will automatically summon itself when a player is charging chakra, and block the opponent from dashing into the player. A support character cannot be manually summoned by a player if it has already summoned itself automatically. When a support character automatically summons itself, it will not reset the support character charge gauge, and can even be summoned when the gauge is not full. When Support Drive level one is activated, a player's support characters will summon themselves automatically depending on their support type, and on what actions the player is executing. Level one is activated once a player's support characters are summoned enough times. The second new feature is the Support Drive, which has two levels. These can be unlocked for each support character and decide its actions during Support Drive level one. The first feature is Support Types - Guard, Attack, and Balanced. Support characters return with two new features. As the story progresses, players will unlock new Jutsu and Ultimate Jutsu for certain characters. Lars Alexandersson, a guest character from Tekken 6, is also playable in the game. Each character can gain new combos and jutsu by activating the Awakening Mode. It has nine chapters including the prologue and an extra chapter. Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 2 's gameplay retains many of the elements of the first game and has 23 fighting stages. The player is controlling Naruto Uzumaki (middle) and has called the assist character Sakura Haruno (right) to aid him in the fight against Kakashi Hatake (left). All the Storm games were re-released in 2017 as part of a compilation. A sequel, called Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 3, was released in 2013. Storm 2 has achieved strong sales, becoming one of Bandai's bestselling games for 2010. Reviewers praised the visuals and boss fights comparing them positively to the anime series, but criticized the lack of events in the world map after completing the game's story mode. The audio was composed by Chikayo Fukuda.Ĭritical response to the game has ranged from average to positive. His inclusion was the result of CyberConnect2 CEO Hiroshi Matsuyama seeing his alternate design by Kishimoto for Tekken 6. As well as Naruto characters, the game features Tekken character Lars Alexandersson as a guest character. The team wanted to include more drama in this game to appeal to more gamers. The game began development following the completion of Ultimate Ninja Storm, and took into account fans' comments about the first game. The game mainly stars title character Naruto Uzumaki, a teenage ninja, and his fights against the Akatsuki terrorist organization. As a sequel to Naruto: Ultimate Ninja Storm, the story and cast are based on their Part II manga appearances, known in the anime as Naruto Shippuden. It is based on the anime and manga series Naruto by Masashi Kishimoto, and was released in late-2010 for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It is the second installment in the Ultimate Ninja Storm series, and the sequel to Naruto: Ultimate Ninja Storm published by Namco Bandai Games. Naruto Shippuden: Ultimate Ninja Storm 2, known in Japan as Naruto Shippuden: Narutimate Storm 2 ( NARUTO ( ナルト ) 疾風伝 ナルティメットストーム2) is a fighting game developed by CyberConnect2. Here I was met by a wall of information and I thought I was in for a complex nightmare. Brrrrrrrrrrr!!!!!! So much to do, but easy to do it!Īs I loaded in, I jumped straight into the tutorial. This isn’t a bad thing because the options available to the developer are limited in this genre. Listening to this through high-quality headphones was fantastic and completed the aggressive experience. Machine gun fire fills the air as bombs and missiles explode. The hard-hitting beats push you to go faster and are only bettered by the booming sound effects. The visual presentation is super smooth and enhances the gaming experience to no end.Ī futuristic fantasy racer was always going to be infused with high tempo music. I also enjoyed the ship designs, the array of unlockable liveries, and the clean UI. Combining this with tight racing lines made a fast-paced game, faster still. You’ll race through canyons, across icy tundra and above molten lava. Fortunately, Skydrift Infinity is different! It has run with its fantasy roots and created wild tracks for you to enjoy. Yes, I love the realism and I see why fans adore it, but it’s not for me. I’m not the biggest fan of traditional racing games as I tire of the similar track layouts. Hot stuff coming through! Skydrift Infinity will test veterans with its tight stages and various locations. Will you blast through the air with your rapid plane, or soak up the missiles with a slow but heavily armed vehicle? The choice is yours, so think wisely and consider the track you are racing on. With an array of stats that vary per vehicle, finding the right one for you is easier said than done. Weapons are all good, but finding the correct plane is essential. Deathmatch and elimination battles change your thought process and you’ll grab homing missiles, machine guns, and bombs. If you lead the race, you’ll want to think defensively: shields, EMPs, and repair kits are key. With six to choose from and the ability to carry only two, you must think wisely. Arming yourself with the correct power-up for any given moment is essential. Skydrift Infinity is slightly different, however. It’s not all mindless racing.įans of the genre will know that racing games are all about skill and memorising the tracks. You may think, “why risk your life? Just get on and race!” The answer? The more stunts you perform the more energy you gain to help fill up your afterburners. The claustrophobic stages have you performing death-defying moves as you twist and turn around the winding courses. Soaring through the air, skimming the ground, and swooping through crevices got the adrenaline pumping. There are five different races to select from, sixteen planes and eight-player multiplayer events.Īll of this action is taken up a notch as you are no longer defined by a 2D plane. However, things are mixed up a little because of the introduction of a class system and different modes. Effectively finish first, or dodge missiles and survive the longest. Like in most racing games, Skydrift Infinity uses a simple concept. Skydrift Infinity sucks you in with its simple concept. It’s enthralling and you’ll love the fast-paced action. You’ll dodge projectiles, shoot your foes, and boost past enemies. Set in a random parallel universe, Skydrift Infinity demands that you put aside your morals and win every race using any method possible. What happens if you are the competitor? How does your demeanour alter when you are vying for that gold medal position? Skydrift Infinity allows you to answer that question as you take to the sky in a plane laced with weapons.ĭeveloped by Digital Reality and published by HandyGames and THQ Nordic, this is a deadly racing, flying title. If you have a vested interest you’ll scream, jump up and down, and beg for your racer to win. Racing, in whatever format is enthralling and gets the heart pumping. This list is stored and maintained electronically and it is from this list that jurors are pulled for the Municipal, Justice and District Court Judges. As required by statute, each May the Secretary of State provides a combined list of registered voters, licensed drivers and holders of Montana ID cards to the Clerk of District Court. The Clerk of District Court also serves as Jury Commissioner for Cascade County. Fees for searches and copies are charged according to statute. Searches, copies and certified copies are provided upon request. It is the Clerk of Court’s responsibility to ensure accurate and up-to-date records. Records are searched daily by title companies, credit agencies, investigative agencies and the general public. The majority of all Clerk of Court records are open to the public. All records from 1999 to present are maintained in FullCourt, a system now in use by all Clerks of District Court statewide. This system is still used but mostly on a read-only basis. From 1989 to 1999, all records were stored and maintained electronically on the County mainframe (DSI). While these index and register books are still utilized, many have been microfilmed to provide easier access and to alleviate storage space issues. The books included an index of names to provide ease in accessing records and each case was assigned a register page into which all court documents were recorded. On an annual basis, the Clerk’s office files approximately 4,800 new cases and issues 600 new marriage licenses.Ĭlerk of District Court records date back into the 1860s and until 1989 were maintained in books. The Clerk also issues, files and records all Cascade County marriage license applications and licenses. These records include Adoption, Civil, Criminal, Dependent Neglect, Domestic Relations, Guardianship, Juvenile, Paternity, Probate and Sanity cases. The Clerk of District Court is the official keeper of all District Court records for Cascade County. During the first postpartum month two dolphin mothers surfaced with both eyes open on average in 93 and 98% of the time while in their calves both eyes were open in 90 and 60% of the cases. Calves surfaced to breathe more often than their mothers between the postpartum age of 2 and 8 weeks. Dolphin mothers and their calves exhibited a complete disappearance of rest at the surface for a minimum of 2 months postpartum, swimming in echelon formation on average in 97–100% of the observation time. The behavior of three dolphin mother–calf pairs was monitored from birth to 13 months postpartum. The aim of this study was to examine the postpartum sleep behavior of bottlenose dolphin calves and their mothers. Aspects such as sentinel functions and breathing are likely to be proximate evolutionary phenomenon of this form of sleep.Īdult dolphins are capable of sleeping with one eye open and exhibiting slow wave activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of one hemisphere at a time. Lastly, the possible selection pressures leading to this form of sleep are examined, leading us to the suggestion that the selection pressure necessitating the evolution of cetacean sleep was most likely the need to offset heat loss to the water from birth and throughout life. Three suggested functions of USWS (facilitation of movement, more efficient sensory processing and control of breathing) are discussed. We then compare the anatomy of the mammalian somnogenic system with what is known in cetaceans, highlighting areas where additional knowledge is needed to understand cetacean sleep. We find that for cetaceans sleep is characterized by USWS, a negligible amount or complete absence of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a varying degree of movement during sleep associated with body size, and an asymmetrical eye state. We trace the discovery of this phenotypically unusual form of mammalian sleep and highlight specific aspects that are different from sleep in terrestrial mammals. Our knowledge of the form of lateralized sleep behavior, known as unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS), seen in all members of the order Cetacea examined to date, is described. The results from the current study provide novel insight into the cerebral asymmetry in a species previously ignored within the literature, thus improving our understanding on the extent of laterality in cetaceans and on the evolutionary history of hemispheric laterality for vertebrates in general. No significant differences were reported for flipper use either during the interaction with conspecifics or with objects. Porpoises swam preferentially with their right pectoral fin upward and their left pectoral fin downward with a clockwise swimming direction and also displayed a consistent bias for a counterclockwise barrel-roll direction. Analyses of 360 observations recorded over two months revealed that, at group level, porpoises showed laterality in swimming behaviors. Using event sampling methods, several behaviors such as flipper-body touching, object touching, barrel-rolls, side swimming, and swimming direction were recorded from six captive porpoises (three males and three females). While many studies have been conducted on laterality among several cetacean species, no studies investigating the Yangtze finless porpoise have been conducted. The Yangtze finless porpoise ( Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a critically endangered species with less than 1000 individuals expected to be left in the wild. Future research into the natural history of vision loss could help elucidate the function of vision and inspire innovations in how to address vision loss in humans. We applied phylogenetic comparative methods to a mammalian tree to explore the evolution of visual acuity using ancestral state estimations. We explore the ancestral emergence of vision in vertebrates, and the loss of vision in blind species with reference to an evolution-based classification scheme. To unravel the similarities between blind individuals and blind species, we review concepts of "blindness" and its behavioral correlates across a range of species. Models that incorporate evolutionary history, natural variation in visual ability, and experimental manipulations can help disentangle visual ability at a superficial level from behaviors linked to vision but not solely reliant upon it, and could assist the translation of ophthalmological research in animal models to human treatments. Research on the origin of vision and vision loss in naturally “blind” animal species can reveal the tasks that vision fulfills and the brain's role in visual experience. |